Determination of Well Water Quality and Its Effect on the Liver and Kidney of Albino Rat

Heavy metals and other parameters are a major environmental and health concern because even at insignificant levels there are toxic when ingested or accumulate in the body. In this study, atomic absorption spectroscopy and standard tissue sectioning techniques were used to quantify the presence of heavy metals in well water samples and their effects on the vital organs of albino rats. The statistical data analyzed showed the followed mean of physiochemical parameter as; pH (6.36±0.04), temperature (35.47±0.47), DO (63.70±13.64), BOD (2.57±1.36), Ca (246.39±297.96), Mg (248.08±186.70), Na (288.07±381.17), SO4 (394.35±521.18), Cl (430.10±328.73), TDS (544.033±407.1511) and NO3 (97.82±72.92). And Cu (0.590±0.3996), Zn (0.84±0.0400), Fe (0.063±0.0404), Pb (0.117±0.1106), Cd (0.077±0.0289) and Cr (0.033±0.0577) heavy metals. Some parameters were found to be below or above the permissible limits set by WHO. Only pH and Copper were obtained within the specified range. The group of albino rats intake with well water for 3 weeks developed kidney mild inflammation of glomerulus exceeding the normal size compared to the control groups (intake distilled water). No dilation of the liver. This justifies these heavy metals and other parameter analyzed accumulating in kidney, causing diseases. Well water in the study area are found polluted with heavy metals and physiochemical parameters that effect the health status of human as time goes on. Governments therefor need to find solutions to deal with these toxic substances that maybe present in ground water.