Review of Mouse Gene Targeting

The mouse has become an extremely useful experimental model in both basic and clinical research because to the ease with which new DNA sequences of interest may be introduced into the germline genome. Homologous recombination facilitates the random or targeted integration of DNA sequences into a host cell's genome for a wide range of applications, such as: modifying genes of interest by introducing deletions or additions to test their function; using mice with human genes inserted into their genomes as experimental subjects for research on human illnesses; increasing mouse susceptibility to human-specific infections; and introducing indels (such as those of viruses). There are recombination systems like Cre/loxP and FRT/FLP that may be used to conditionally activate or inhibit gene expression of interest within a given period, in a small subset of cells or organelles region of the mouse. We will discuss numerous considerations while developing gene-targeted mice and present a brief history of gene targeting technology.