BCI Systems and Comparison of Various Signal Acquisition Techniques

Brain-Computer Interface (BCI) is an advanced, interdisciplinary and active research area based on neuroscience, signal processing, biomedical sensors, hardware, and more. It is a type of communication system that allows humans to communicate with their surroundings using control signals generated by brain wave activity without the involvement of peripheral nerves or muscles. Over the past decades, several pioneering research studies have been conducted on the suitability of different signal acquisition techniques for BCI. However, a comprehensive review that fully covers this area has not yet been conducted. Therefore, this study provides a comprehensive overview including a comparison of different techniques for capturing the signal of BCI and briefly describes the advantages and disadvantages of each technique. This paper also presents optimum locations which can be used for acquiring EEG signals from the brain for using the EEG technique being the simplest, safest and most economic option.