Biochemical Study to Evaluate the Role of Heavy Metals and Oxidative Stress in the Incidence of Kidney Disease in Iraqi Patients

The study was conducted on kidney patients (60 male and female, and healthy subjects control n=60, Serum was used to assay antioxidant enzymes activities and to measure MDA to prove such lipid peroxidation occurring as MDA considered an indirect measurement for lipid peroxidation, GSH in control group (11.65±0.01) while the increase in patient male and woman (18.55±0.01, 30±0.01), which MDA in control group (0.227±0. 1) that increase in patient male and woman (0.384±0.02, 0.138±0.01) and GST in control group (3.3±0.01) while the increase in both groups (3.8±0.01, 3.6±0.01). The control group's TAC (4.00±0.32), were calculated. Additionally, the TAC values for renal patients were (2.38±0.55), while in women (2.16±0.34). The mean TAC in patients is significantly decreasing from the control group (P<0.001). The control group's serum chromium (Cr) concentrations were (0.94±0.11). Additionally, the serum chromium (1.08±0.14) levels of the children with kidney disease, then in women with (1.5±0.13). Compared to the control group in the current study, the mean blood Chromium level in patients with Kidney is considerably greater (P